Anglais Deuxième année Grammar

Objects

A predicate is the completer of a sentence. The subject names the
"do-er" or "be-er" of the sentence; the predicate does the rest of the
work. A simple predicate consists of only a verb, verb string, or
compound verb:

* The glacier melted.
* The glacier has been melting.
* The glacier melted, broke apart, and slipped into the sea.

A compound predicate consists of two (or more) such predicates connected:

* The glacier began to slip down the mountainside and eventually crushed some of the village's outlying buildings.

A
complete predicate consists of the verb and all accompanying modifiers
and other words that receive the action of a transitive verb or complete
its meaning. The following de--SS--ion of predicates comes from The
Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers (examples our own):


With an intransitive verb, objects and complements are included in the
predicate. (The glacier is melting.) With a transitive verb, objects and
object complements are said to be part of the predicate. (The slow
moving glacier wiped out an entire forest. It gave the villagers a lot
of problems.) With a linking verb, the subject is connected to a subject
complement. (The mayor doesn't feel good.)

A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and tells us something about the subject:

* Ramonita is beautiful.
* His behavior has been outrageous.
* That garbage on the street smells bad.

A predicate nominative follows a linking verb and tells us what the subject is:

* Dr. Couchworthy is acting president of the university.
* She used to be the tallest girl on the team

Irregular Verbs Grammar

Irregular verbs
a. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• Imane ……………… to find that it was already ten o’clock. (awake)
  
• I ……………… nervous as the final exam came closer. (become)
  
• He ……………… reading ‘War and Peace’ last month and he still haven’t finished it. (begin)
  
• A rich woman ……………… $2.000.000 for the two paintings. (bid)
  
• The police ……………… the criminal’s hands behind his back. (bind)
  
• Hicham El-Guerrouj ……………… the world record for the 1500 metres in 3.26.00 minutes. (break)
  
• The BBC first ……………… in 1936. (broadcast)
  
• They ……………… a new public library near my school. (build)
  
• It was a huge fire and all the furniture ………………. (burn)
  

b. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• She ……………… a woollen scarf for her husband in Paris. (buy)
  
• The policewoman ran after the thief and ……………… him. (catch)
  
• I ……………… first in the latest English test. (come)
  
• The cat ……………… silently towards the mouse and caught it. (creep)
  
• He ……………… his finger with a knife. (cut)
  
• I woke up to find that I wasn’t really rich. I only ……………… it. (dream)
  
• The old lady’s loneliness ……………… her to commit suicide. (drive)
  
• My little brother ……………… over and hurt his knee. (fall)
  
• She ……………… a piece of glass in the pizza. (find)
  

c. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• When the hunter fired his gun the tiger turned and ……………… (flee)
  
• My sister ……………… a job as a secretary in a bank. (get)
  
• Jalil’s uncle ……………… him a digital camera for his birthday. (give)
  
• My grandfather ……………… blind when he was sixty. (go)
  
• The young man ……………… himself in a fit of depression. (hung)
  
• A motorbike ……………… the old lady while she was crossing the street. (hit)
  
• My grandmother ……………… a sweater for the coming winter. (knit)
  
• She ……………… her baby gently down on its bed. (lay)
  
• Pablo Picasso ……………… Spain and went to live in France. (leave)
  

d. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• The paintings ……………… a touch of beauty to the office. (lend)
  
• He ……………… his family in a road accident last year. (lose)
  
• The manager’s stupid remark ……………… the situation worse. (make)
  
• He ……………… the lawn once last month. (mow)
  
• He ……………… nearly $100 for these jeans. (paid)
  
• I ……………… in the newspaper that they found a cure for migraine. (read)
  
• The temperature nearly ……………… to 45° yesterday. (rise)
  
• The teacher ……………… we should hand in our composition on ‘air pollution’ before Friday. (say)
  
• He ……………… his car for nearly nothing. (sell)
  

e. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• He asked a man the way to the nearest post office but he ……………… me in the wrong way. (send)
  
• As he was very hungry, the wife ……………… a large bowl of soup in front of her husband. (set)
  
• The young lady’s voice ……………… with sorrow as she described the deadly accident. (shake)
  
• The hunter ………………the deer in its back. (shoot)
  
• The little girl ……………… herself in her bedroom and refused to talk to her parents. (shut)
  
• Titanic ……………… to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. (sink)
  
• I only ……………… for a couple of hours last night. (sleep)
  
• ‘The murderer ……………… his hand into his pocket, took out a gun and killed the lady,’ the witness
  
• said. (slide)
  
• I ……………… two weeks in London last summer. (spend)
  

f. Put the verbs in brackets in the simple past.

• Jalil ……………… round when he heard someone call his name. (spin)
  
• She took a small sip of the juice and ……………… it out. (spit)
  
• The bad weather ……………… our holiday. (spoil)
  
• The terrorist kidnapped a little girl and ……………… a car. (steal)
  
• The epidemic ……………… the village within a few days. (sweep)
  
• It ……………… me five years to learn German. (take)
  
• My parents ……………… always to tell the truth. (teach)
  
• He ……………… on my toe and didn’t even say sorry
  
• Tolstoy ……………… ‘War and Peace’. (write)
  

The Passive Grammar

a. Turn these sentences into the passive.

• My uncle manages a huge firm.
  
• My children like toys very much.
  
• My little sister sometimes asks stupid questions.
  
• Those people are talking about politics.
  
• They are writing the test exercises at the present time.
  
• Kamal is carrying a heavy box.
  
• I have sent a parcel to the USA.
  
• Jalil has received two letters.
  
• Willy has bought a limousine.
  

b. Turn these sentences into the passive.

• Ziryab composed some beautiful love songs.
  
• Hind lost her family in a road accident.
  
• The customer ordered a green salad and a cheese sandwich.
  
• I was cleaning my room when the light went out.
  
• My wife was making a pizza when I arrived home.
  
• The teacher was explaining the irregular verbs to the students.
  
• She had taken all my books.
  
• I replied the teacher’s question politely.
  
• Pablo Picasso had painted Guernica in 1937.
  

c. Turn these sentences into the passive.

• Jalil and Jamal will finish the job tomorrow.
  
• The dog will eat the bone.
  
• They will move before June.
  
• He will have begun the job by next week.
  
• Man will have set colonies in the moon by the year 2050.
  
• I will have completed his high studies by the end of next year.
  
• They are going to have some Chinese food for dinner.
  
• Jalil is going to offer me a watch for my coming birthday.
  
• She is going to invite her friends for lunch next weekend.
  

d. Turn these sentences into the passive.

• Jalil can speak two foreign languages.
  
• The firm may give a high rise to the workers.
  
• The lazy students might get weak marks in the test.
  
• Jamal should learn the irregular verbs.
  
• Drivers ought to respect the traffic law.
  
• Obese people had better practise sport everyday.
  
• Moroccan people must apply for visas to travel to the UK.
  
• The prisoners have to clean their cells every weekend.
  

e. Turn these sentences into the passive.

• My little brother should have broken the vase.
  
• He should have got a bad mark in the French test.
  
• Students ought to have learned the irregular verbs by heart.
  
• The bank may have received my fax.
  
• The boss may have offered Jamal a new duty in the company.
  
• She might have done the homework correctly.
  
• They might have had dinner in a Chinese diner.
  
• The ministers of foreign affairs might have talked about the world economic crisis.
  

Tenses Grammar


Tenses


Exercise 1
Put the words in brackets in the correct present tense .

• The earth (circle) the sun, but it (circles, not) the moon. Key
  
• Every Thursday morning, Mrs Smith (drive) her kids to the tennis club. Key
  
• 
  Sue (work) as a secretary at Bromley International Bank, but this
  summer she (study) German at a language school in Berlin. That is why
  she is in Germany. Key
  
• Keep quiet! The baby (sleep). Key
  
• Sheila (have) a severe headache for several hours. Key
  

• He (hate) living in Britain because it (rain) a lot. Key
  
• I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk) so loudly. Key
  

Exercise 2
Put the verbs in brackets in the past tense .

• They (watch) an American movie when Sue called last night. Key
  
• If I (drink) so much coffee, I would not be able to sleep. Key
  
• I'm really hungry because I (not, have) breakfast this morning. Key
  
• I (fall) off my bike yesterday, but I (not, hurt) myself. Key
  
• Allan (get) wet while he (walk) in the rain.Key
  
• They (slip) and (fall) while they (climb) the mountain. Key
  
• I (can, not) see you yesterday. I (be) out of town. Key
  

Exercise 3
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct future tense .

• They (climb) the Himalaya Mountains this time next year. Key
  
• Nancy (take) her final exams in a couple of days’ time. Key
  
• By 2025, Mr. Smith and his wife (retire). Key
  
• The maid (clean) the rooms tonight. Key
  
• In five years’ time, the local authorities (build) a new hospital in this area. Key
  
• “I’m not certain you (pass) your driving test,” Betty told James. Key
  
• I (have) a cup of tea and (watch) football this time next Sunday. Key
  

Exercise 4
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense .

• I don't understand you. What (you, talk) about? Key
  
• By the end of 2007, Susan (teach) English for ten years in South Korea. Key
  
• Mr. Smith (travel) widely since he was 16. Key
  
• How long you (work) as a computer programmer?Key
  
• If you (not, find) my wallet, I would have been very sad. Key
  
• The leader of the party (talk) for hours about nothing. Key
  
• (You, go) to the pictures next Sunday in the evening? Key
  

Exercise 5
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense .

• The athletes (train) for the Olympic Games at the moment. Key
  
• How long you (work) in this school? Key
  
• Call on me after midday. I (arrive) home by then. Key
  
• She (promise) herself she would never make the same mistake again. Key
  
• “(You, can) park your car over there,” the policeman told the driver. Key
  
• My uncle (take) me to pictures tomorrow. Key
  
• (You, sing) at Kate’s birthday party two days ago? Key
  

Relative Clauses


Relative clauses


Exercise 1
Choose the correct answer .

• The car, __________ is grey, belongs to Youssef. (which/who/whose) Key
  
• Ito, __________ is a Japanese engineer, works for World Computers. (which/who/whose) Key
  
• Pierre , __________ is a talented cook, lives in Lyon. (which/who/whose) Key
  
• Do you see those cats __________ are lying on the sofa? (which/who/whose) Key
  
• Does she know the girl __________ father is a nurse? (which/who/whose)Key
  
• Did I tell you about the man __________ eats four kilogrammes of apples in twenty minutes? (which/who/whose) Key
  
• The girls __________ we met yesterday at Janes’ birthday party are very boastful. (which/who/whose) Key
  

Exercise 2
Choose the correct answer .

• A mall is a building __________ you can do your shopping. (who/where/which) Key
  
• A night is the time of a day __________ it is dark outside. (when/who/where)Key
  
• A cookery book is a book __________ you can look up recipes. (which/when/where)Key
  
• A pickpocket is a person __________ steals purses from pockets and bags. (who/where/which) Key
  
• Carnivores are animals __________ live on meat. (who/where/which) Key
  
• An acronym is a word __________ is the opposite of another word. (which/where/when) Key
  
• Winter is the season of the year __________ it rains heavily. (where/when/who) Key
  

Exercise 3
Join the pairs of sentences with who or which .

• The woman was sick. She looked very pale. Key
  
• Some people were waiting in the emergency room. It was very crowded. Key
  
• The doctor called a nurse. She came quickly. Key
  
• The doctor gave the patient an injection. It made her fall asleep. Key
  
• The Olympic Games were exciting. Many people watched them live on TV. Key
  
• Youssef and Hind spent their holiday in Dover. Dover is in the south of Great Britain. Key
  
• Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories. Key
  

Exercise 4
Complete the sentences using who and which .

• A freezer is a thing (freeze food and water). Key
  
• A DJ is someone (play music in a disco). Key
  
• A bee is an insect (make honey).Key
  
• An apple is a fruit (be yellow or red and sweet). Key
  
• A Dutch is a person (come from the Netherlands). Key
  
• A caoch is a vehicle (carry people from a town to another town). Key
  
• A salesperson is someone (work in a shop). Key
  

Exercise 5
Complete the sentences using whose and which

• I saw the man __________ car you damaged. Key
  
• He went back to live in the house __________ stood on the corner in Regent Avenue. Key
  
• He couldn't remember __________ movie by Steven Spielberg he had seen. Key
  
• That's the man __________ wife works with my wife in National Bank. Key
  
• The woman __________ dog bit you is a police officer. Key
  

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